Effects of Alternation of Primers and Adhesive Resins on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets
This study evaluated the shear bond strength of metal orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel surfaces using two common brands of lightcured bonding systems (Transbond™ XT and Enlight®) and the effects of alternation of the primers and adhesive resins. One hundred and twenty extracted premolar teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 30. The teeth were pumiced, rinsed and air dried. Four bonding approaches were planned. The first and the fourth bonding approaches used the primers and the adhesive resins from each brand respectively. The second method used the first primer with the second adhesive resin, while the third method used the second primer and the first adhesive resin. All specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C. The aging process was operated through thermocylcing for 1,000 cycles between 5±2°C and 55±2°C. Shear bond strength was tested using an Instron® testing machine at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. ARI scores were recorded under a light microscope with 3X magnification. Mean shear bond strength with the first brand was significantly higher than that with the second brand. Alternation of primers and adhesive resins produced no significant difference in bond strength related to the adhesive resin, which implies a possible clinical use.
1. Knox J, Hubsch P, Jones M L, Middleton J. The influence of bracket base design on the strength of the bracket-cement interface. J Orthod 2000; 27: 249-54.
2. Eliades T, Eliades G. Orthodontic Adhesive Resins. In: Brantley W, Eliades T (eds): Orthodontic materials: Scientific and Clinical Aspects. Stuttgart New York: Thieme; 2001: 201-219.
3. Gange P. Orthodontic bonding overview. Oral Health 2007; 97: 73-84.
4. Watts DC. Orthodontic Adhesive Resins and Composites: Principles of Adhesion. In: Brantley W, Eliades T (eds): Orthodontic materials: Scientific and Clinical Aspects. Stuttgart New York: Thieme; 2001: 189-200.
5. Owens SE Jr, Miller BH. A comparison of shear bond strength of three visible light-cured orthodontic adhesives. Angle Orthod 2000; 70: 2000; 70: 352-56.
6. Van Landuyt KL, Snauwaert J, Munck JD, et al. Systematic review of the chemical composition of contemporary dental adhesives. Biomaterials 2007; 28: 3757-85.
7. 3M Unitek. Material safety data sheet, 3M Unitek, Transbond XT Primer (712-034). 2010.
8. 3M Unitek. Material safety data sheet, 3M Unitek, Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive (712-031, 712-036, 712-066). 2011.
9. Ormco Corporation. Material safety data sheet, Ormco Corporation, Ormco Etching Gel. 2001.
10. Ormco Corporation. Material safety data sheet, Ormco Corporation, Enlight. 2001.
11. Ormco Corporation. Material safety data sheet, Ormco Corporation, Ortho Solo. 2009.
12. Artun J, Bergland S. Clinical trials with crystal growth conditioning as an alternative to acidetch pretreatment. Am J Orthod 1984; 85: 333- 1984; 85: 333- 40.
13. Korbmacher H, Klocke A, Huck L, KahlNieke B. Enamel conditioning for orthodontic bonding with a single-step bonding agent. J Orofac Orthop 2002; 63: 463-71.
14. Jonke E, Franz A, Freudenthaler J, Konig F, Bantleon HP, Schedle A. Cytotoxicity and shear bond strength of four orthodontic adhesive systems. Eur J Orthod Eur J Orthod 2008; 30: 2008; 30: 495-502.
15. Phunyanant R, Nisalak P, Jaochakarasiri P, Verayangkura P. Initial tensile bond strength among various types of orthodontic adhesives. Master of Science (Orthodontics) Mahidol University, 2006.
16. Daub J, Berzins DW, Linn BJ, Bradley TG. Bond strength of direct and indirect bonded brackets after thermocycling. Angle Orthod 2006; 76: 295-300.
17. Swartz M. Bond strength of a universal orthodontic bonding agent. Clin Impressions 2005; 14: 14-16.
18. Eversoll DK. Enhance your clinical bonding experience with Ortho Solo. Clin Impressions 2001; 10: 10-11.
19. Swartz M. Bond strength of a universal orthodontic bonding agent. Clin Impressions 2005; 14: 14-16.
20. Yoshida Y, Shirai K, Nakayama Y, et al. Improved filler-matrix coupling in resin composites. J Dent Res 2002; 81: 270-73.
21. Bishara SE, Von Wald L, Lafoon JF, Warren JJ. Effect of a fluoride releasing self-etch acidic primer on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Angle Orthod Angle Orthod 2002; 72: 2002; 72: 199-202.
22. Hosein I, Sherriff M, Ireland A. Enamel loss during bonding, debonding and cleanup with the use of a self-etching primer. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004; 126: 717-24.
23. Van Landuyt K, De Munck J, Snauwaert J, et al. Monomer-solvent phase separation in onestep self-etch adhesives. J Dent Res Dent Res 2005; 84: 183-88.
24. Reynolds IR. A review of direct orthodontic bonding. Br J Orthod 1975; 2: 171-78.