Effect of Various Roughness Parameters on Surface Wettability of 3Y-TZP Ceramic
Objectives: The surface wettability of zirconia has been reported to correlate with the roughness. However, most studies commonly used the arithmetical mean deviation of the roughness (Sa) to predict surface wettability. It is of interest whether other roughness parameters affect the wettability of zirconia. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of various roughness parameters on the surface wettability of 3Y-TZP.
Methods: Zirconia slabs were prepared and divided into 4 groups (n=10) based on the surface treatment as follows: no treatment (control), air abrasion (AB), etching with 48% hydrofluoric acid (HF), and etching with the mixture of 37% hydrochloric acid and 68% nitric acid (CN). The specimens were scanned using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to evaluate vertical roughness parameters (Sa, Ssk: the skewness, Sku: the kurtosis) and non-vertical roughness parameters (Rsm: the mean width of the profile elements, Sdq: the mean slope of the surface, Sdr: the rate of increase in the surface area). Wettability was determined by surface contact angle (θc) using the sessile drop technique. The data were analyzed statistically with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p<0.05).
Results: The group showing statistically higher Sdq and Sdr values than that of the control group (p=0.025 and 0.019, respectively) possessed significantly lower θc (p=0.000), despite similar Sa, Ssk, Sku, and Rsm patterns (p>0.05).
Conclusions: The Sdq and Sdr parameters could affect the surface wettability of 3Y-TZP. The higher slope of the profile and the higher surface area synergistically established better wettability of 3Y-TZP.
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