The Associations between Socio-economic Factors and Traumatic Dental Injuries to Anterior
A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Class Level 6 Chiang Mai Municipal School Children to inves- tigate the associations between socio-economic factors and traumatic dental injuries to anterior permanent teeth. 372 students including 209 males (56.2%) and 163 females (43.8%), aged 11 to 18 years, were examined for the evidence of traumatic dental injuries. 366 parents of the students (98.4% of the examined sample) returned the questionnaire of their socio-economic information. The results showed that the prevalence of traumatic den- tal injuries was 42.2 per cent. After controlling for age and all socio-economic factors in the study, boys signifi- cantly suffered from traumatic dental injuries more.than girls did (Adj. OR = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.32 to 4.21. p = 0.004). The important indicators of socio-economic fac- tors in this study were 'occupational status of mother' and occupational status of father'. After controlling for sex, age and other socio-economic factors in the study, the children with unemployed mothers statistically and significantly experienced traumatic dental injuries 3.78 times (95% Cl = 1.23 to 11.61) as much as those with employed mothers p = 0.02 ). However, a statistically significant protective effect presented in the children with their mothers being housewives compared to those mothers being employed ( OR = 0.14 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.37, p < 0.001 . In addition, the children with unem- ployed fathers also statistically significant experienced traumatic dental injuries more than those children with employed fathers (Adj. OR = 12.92 95% C * 1 = 2.31 to 72.09, p = 0.004 ) .
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