Anti-Oral Microbial Activity of Root Extracts of Vetiveria zizanoides (L.) Nash ex Small
The aims of this study were to determine the anti-microbial activities of Vetiveria zizanoides (L.) Nash ex Small root extracts against oral pathogens and to elucidate the molecular structure of a pure fraction of the extract. A primary screening for the anti-microbial activities of four types from V. zizanoides, including, Pangbong, South India, Srilangkhaa, and Maetia, was performed by an agar diffusion method. The extracts were further tested against ten oral pathogens, including cariogenic, endodontic, and periodontal bacteria as well as oral fungi. The evaluations of minimal bactericidal concen-tration (MBC) and minimal fungicidal con-centration (MFC) using a broth dilution method were performed. Then the appropriate root extract was selected, and purified by column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. The alkaloid was isolated and elucidated by UV, IR, NMR and GC-MS spectra. The results revealed that the Pangbong root extract exerted the best anti-microbial activity in the primary screening test. For anti-oral micro-bial activities, the root extracts of Pangbong showed the highest potency, and followed by Srilangkhaa. For MBC and MFC analyses, the root extracts of Srilangkhaa yielded a better outcome than other extracts. The root extracts of Srilangkhaa was then selected and further analyzed. The structure of alkaloid “vetiverin” was found. It was concluded that V. zizanoides root extract has an anti-microbial activity and may be used as an agent for dental applications in the clinical settings. However, more clinical isolates from patients should be tested in the future study.
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